BACKGROUND

With a population of 54 million, Kenya is the economic, financial and transport hub of East Africa and has undergone significant political, structural and economic reforms over the past decade. It is one of the fastest-growing economies in Sub-Saharan Africa, recording an economic growth rate of 5.7% in 2019.

Despite the substantial progress achieved to date, the country continues to face serious challenges, including widespread poverty, profound social inequalities, the adverse impacts of global climate change, and an economy exposed to both external and internal shocks.

Socio-economic difficulties are most visibly concentrated in urban areas, where, due to the lack of affordable housing, a significant proportion of the population is forced to reside in slums. In these densely populated areas, formal infrastructure – such as piped water, sewage systems and electricity – is entirely absent. As a result, residents are compelled to live in extremely poor public hygiene and public health conditions, posing a significant risk to their well-being.